倾城外刊 ||美联储-经济的指向标-

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倾城外刊 ||美联储-经济的指向标

阅读量：3757066 2019-10-24

美联储主席鲍威尔在新闻发布会中指出，经贸领域的不确定性以及全球经济放缓对美国经济造成负面影响，若经济疲软持续，美联储将首先考虑使量化宽松和前瞻性指导，而不是负利率。
外刊原文
The Fed Cuts Interests Rates
The federal reserve had plenty to fret about as it prepared to discuss policy interest rates on September 17th and 18th.

Trade tensions and wilting global growth have seen businesses cut back investment in the second quarter of the year.
In manufacturing, production and capacity utilisation have been falling since the end of 2018.
Though the Fed has described jobs growth as "solid", some analysts worry that the labour market is wobbling.
As expected, these concerns prompted the central bank to lower rates for the second time this year,
by 0.25 percentage points, to a target of 1.75-2%. But the meeting was overshadowed by turmoil in money markets.
On September 17th, for the first time in a decade, the Fed injected cash into the short-term money market.
The intervention was needed after the federal funds rate, at which banks can borrow from each other, climbed above the Fed's target.
词汇积累
1.fret about:If you fret about something, you worry about it.
I was working all hours and constantly fretting about everyone else's problems.
我一刻不停地工作着，还一直担心着其他人的问题。
2.capability :you have the capability or the capabilities to do something, you have the ability or the qualities
that are necessary todo.
People experience differences in physical and mental capability depending on the time of day.
视一天中的不同时候而定,人们会经历体能和智能上的差异.
辨析：ability和capability
ability通常强调人的能力;而capability工作量和能完成的程度,因此capability有很多搭配用法和ability有不同,如have manufacturing capability（生产能力have enormous computing capability（拥有计算能力）; have limited design capability（设计能力）；defense capability（防御能力）
3.overshadow :If an unpleasant event or feeling overshadows something, it makes it less happy or enjoyable.给…蒙上阴影
Fears for the president's safety could overshadow his peace-making mission.
对总统安全的担心会给他的和平促进任务蒙上阴影
构词法：
over-前缀①表"过度"
over+burden=overburden v.使...负担过重
over+estimate=overestimate v/n.高估
②表"在...之上,凌驾"
over+come=overcome v.战胜
over+hang=overhang v.悬挂
over+lay=overlay v.覆盖
③表翻转"over+set=overset v.打翻
over+throw=overthrow v.推翻
over+turn=overturn v/n.颠覆
4.Turmoil is a state of confusiondisorder,uncertainty.混乱
She lived through the turmoil of the French Revolution.
她经历过法国大革命的混乱之后仍旧活着。
同义替换:confusion,turbulence
语法分析
The intervention was needed after the federal funds rate, at which banks can borrow from each other, climbed above the Fed's target.
这句作the federal funds rate非限制性定语,介词提前,并放在引导词which前,还原这句话:banks can borrow from each other at the federal funds.
百科拓展
1.The federal reserve美联储:全称美国联邦储备系统(The Federal Reserve System),简称为美联储(The Fed)

职责:联邦储备系统由位于华盛顿特区的联邦储备委员会和12家分布全国主要城市的地区性的联邦储备银行组成(目前12个联邦储备银行的总部分别位于波士顿,纽约,费城,克里夫兰,里士满,亚特兰大,芝加哥,圣路易斯,明尼阿波利斯,堪萨斯城,达拉斯和旧金山.
杰罗姆·鲍威尔为现任美联储最高长官(美国联邦储备委员会主席).作为美国的中央银行,美联储从美国国会获得权力,行使制定货币政策和对美国金融机构进行监管等职责.
2.美国联邦基金利率(Federal Funds Rate)

它是指美国同业拆借市场的利率,也是美国的基准利率,它类似于中国国内的银行间同业拆借利率以及质押式回购利率."联邦基金利率"是美国商业银行之间相互拆借资金的利率,甲银行缺钱,向乙银行借钱,自然要支付一定的利息.美联储通过影响"联邦基金利率"间接影响整个金融系统的运转,从而影响美国实体经济的发展.
美联储降息对中国的影响
首先降息意味着资金价格的降低，有利于个人，企业的贷款，有利于扩大生产，刺激消费。
人民币短期会对美元升值。但是，目前人民币对美元的汇率存在高估的情况。未来人民币汇率的走势情况，还是要看磋商结果。若成功，人民币汇率保持稳定并略微升值；反之，会略微贬值。
美联储降息，有利于中国的股市、楼市。因为美联储降息，会引导全球央行普遍降息，带来一波资金宽松，中国也不例外。中国官方希望降息的利好主要给实体经济和股市，激活“直接融资”，不希望房价再次大涨。正因为如此，政治局会议在美联储降息前夕强调“房住不炒”，“不将房地产作为短期刺激经济的手段”。